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Scoring and psychometric validation of the ‘Determinants of Intentions to Vaccinate’ (DIVA©) questionnaire

Martinez et al. BMC Family Practice (2016) 17:143

Luc Martinez2,5, Fatoumata Fofana1* , François Raineri2,4, Pascale Arnould2,3, Khadra Benmedjahed1, Guillaume Coindard2,3, François Denis2,4, Didier Duhot2,7, Jean-Luc Gallais2, Didier Seyler2,6, Béatrice Tugaut1 and Benoit Arnould1

1Mapi, Patient-Centered Outcomes, 27, rue de la Villette, 69003 Lyon, France.
2French Society of General Medicine, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
3Department of General Practice, University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
4Department of bacteriology and virology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France. 
5Department of General Medicine, University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France.
6Specialist in general medicine, International vaccination centre (2007–2015), Marseille, France.
7Department of General Medicine, SMBH University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France.

Background

Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a key role regarding vaccination in France. The aims of the present study were to define the scoring rules and to assess the measurement properties of the ‘Determinants of Intentions to Vaccinate’ (DIVA©) questionnaire that aims to assess PCPs’ attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination.

Methods

The DIVA questionnaire was derived from a literature review and PCPs focus groups. Scoring and early validation of the DIVA questionnaire were determined during a cross-sectional study conducted in France. During the study, PCPs had to complete the DIVA questionnaire for any of the six vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) to which they were randomly assigned (measles, pertussis, pneumococcus infection, seasonal influenza, human papillomavirus -HPV- infection and tetanus). Descriptive analyses of items and the analysis of the grouping of items into domains were conducted. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity was assessed according to each VPD.

Results

The DIVA questionnaire was completed by 1,069 PCPs and was well accepted. The ‘Commitment of the PCP to the vaccination approach’ score showed very good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha >0.70 overall and for each VPD). The construct validity of the DIVA questionnaire was confirmed.

Conclusions

The DIVA questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of PCPs’ attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination.

Keywords:

Vaccination, Primary care physician, Attitude, Behavior, Public health, Psychometric validation